Analysis and Critique on French Education System

As I would see it, the French instruction framework is flawed and undeserving. Meisler depicts for us in energized detail, the torment that French understudies experience in their schooldays. It is additionally moderately simple for me to comprehend this situation in light of the fact that in my nation, India, the scene is strikingly comparative. It is additionally the explanation that I am here right nowâ€in the United States getting the advantages of the best undergrad framework in the worldâ€to bring home with me the accumulation of a â€Å"liberal† instruction. I discover the absence of French understudies in an American foundation amazing. Most likely French guardians will think and reexamine before settling on a decision between their child†s future and the haughtiness of their country†s culture. Do they truly need chance their youngsters to experience a framework where the possibility of getting the baccalaureate degree is just one of every three? What is the purpose of â€Å"attempting† to get instruction? The country†s proficiency rate peruses ninety-nine percent yet Meisler demonstrates that 66% of France is without a presumed degree. These measurements are incomprehensible in the remainder of the world. Understudies who do figure out how to get this degree get superstar treatment and many proceed to become Nobel laureates. All things considered, what of the individuals who not make it? They carry on with a dark life, influenced by their disappointment until their perishing day. This likewise happens to be the purpose behind France†s disdainful conduct towards vacationers. One frequently runs over a French server or low-level administrator or store assistant carrying on protectively as they had finished with their instructors, urgently attempting to sidestep objection. Dread being their inspiration as opposed to the quest for progress. French instruction apparently lectures that France is the world and that there is nothing past. Meisler has brought up a representative model when he says that, in English, individuals as a rule attempt to pass judgment fair and square of appreciation of the individual with whom they are chatting. They at that point attempt to adjust to a similar frequency so the discussion continues with least trouble. Be that as it may, to the French, this is an outsider idea. On the off chance that you can't talk the ideal language structure that they as kids have been instructed in medieval design, you become an outsider. I think the French need to adjust their way of thinking and look past characterizing â€Å"education† as â€Å"academics†. There is considerably more to total training than accuracy of brain, order of language and a gigantic store of memory. They need to understand that Nobel laureates don't mean much until they are delegates of their whole nation. In spite of the fact that France may have had a few more Nobel laureates than the United States, it has accomplished this at a cost. The cost of dismissing their â€Å"lesser† residents. The United States then again has gone the Darwinian wayâ€the procedure of regular selectionâ€and has let the individuals find themselves and bring the best out in them. They have not had them shaped to become predominant beingsâ€which in my jargon peruses as â€Å"robots†Ã¢â‚¬which thusly is characterized in the Webster word reference as â€Å"an effective unfeeling individual who works consequently. † The French instruction framework is in urgent need of a total redesign. Something else, their country will lose the entirety of the little significance that they have on the planet today on account of their impropriety and self-importance. France is and will be just an irate yapping poodle amidst uninterested, lazing bulldogs.

Brand development plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Brand advancement plan - Essay Example Positioning†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 v. Auxiliary Association†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 vi. Legitimate Protection†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 Communicating the new brand†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..10 I. Showcasing Communication†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11 a. Advertising†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 b. Individual selling†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..12 c. Deals promotion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 d. Open relations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Possibility of Brand augmentation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦.13 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 Introduction Nearly all organizations have names they use in exchanging, from the little scope retailer to the huge scope global association. Item marking has gotten progressively major in forming an item profile. Marking utilizes names, images, names and designs to ensure that an item is unmistakable and particular from serious items in the market. An item brand signals both the beginning of the item and the provider obligation regarding the item. Brand names make trusts and are especially useful for advancing the natural characteristics of items when these would somehow or another not be evident. Both the provider and the client profit by marking. From a customer’s perspective, brands help lessen the interest for data when settling on buy c hoices. Obviously, they likewise give status through the picture they show, acknowledgment and anticipated high caliber. Fundamentally, brands make a psychological picture that gives center to the purchaser while picking between a few other options. From a supplier’s perspective, marking improves the open door for introductory deals and continue purchasing. By separating an item from its adversaries, marking gives some extension to evaluating prudence, in spite of the fact that the degree of circumspection relies upon the market structure. Sheep et al. (2011) states that a â€Å"company’s brand is the most remarkable specialized instrument in advertising products† (p. 156). I reference to Kotler (1991) a brand â€Å"strategy is based on brand situating, brand strategic brand promise† (156). This paper examines the brand methodology for Flash Sports and footwear Incorporation. Streak Sports and Footwear Incorporation manages both male and female games and foot wear. This brand name will be utilized in the entirety of its items over the globe. Improvement of New Brand Being heard in a competitor’s snarling voices is a staggering assignment in contemporary market. This is amazingly end up being genuine each time we see the TV, read the paper or magazine or visit the web. Accordingly, there is requirement for a business to look for and grow new brand to successfully expand mindfulness and brand devotion. In spite of the fact that brand improvement is in no way, shape or form another thought, Doyle (1994) declares â€Å"today buyers have more access to data and a larger number of decisions than any time in recent memory before†

Beloved Interpretation

Music, rhyme and cadence join all together to brace the effect of words and verse. In Beloved the writer can really communicate their yearning for a sweetheart through the progression of time, and explicitly that of seasons.He utilizes dim, white and dull symbolism to depict the need radiance of his life in winter because of the inadequacy of non-literal shading because of missing his â€Å"Beloved. † It nearly appears as though the speaker’s each second is spent pausing and trusting. Clearly, the adoration is responded and is amazingly deep.The speaker’s utilization of seasons is a similitude for time went through with his darling and away from his sweetheart. Regular day to day existence appears to be repetitive and dull like winter. He has gotten numb, lost all physical and passionate sensation. Then again, being as one with his sweetheart is a â€Å"warm wind† and â€Å"no statures could keep [them] from their scope. † The poet’s picture of wings, mists and the sky is another illustration for unlimited prospects, vulnerabilities and the plan to accomplish unfulfilled goals and dreams.Being together permits both of the darlings to satisfy their maximum capacity, rouse each other just as interface on a forceful passionate and profound level. Time is a repetitive and noteworthy component all through the sonnet. Time seems to have eased back down fundamentally on the grounds that consistently, consistently is spent in longing.The truth that â€Å"eternity awaits† shows that despite the fact that being as one and in affection might be incredibly troublesome, it is certainly justified regardless of the pause. I picked this sonnet since it is pressed with crude feeling and discusses ground-breaking love that can conquer troublesome limits and circumstances.These verses are relatable and conjure a feeling of expectation inside the peruser. Individuals will in general look towards books, words, melodies and even motio n pictures for enthusiastic quality and encouragement.The speaker recounts to an individual story and connects with his sweetheart as well as to the perusers and audience members. The tricky segment of time is charming and engaging; it figures out how to attract you. In a manner you trust the sweethearts and rejoined. In general, the sonnet is unusual and true, making it extraordinary and wonderful to peruse, and likely far and away superior when set to a tune.

A Resume On A Career - 2435 Words

Ibrahim Tabel Professor Menz English 103 29 July 2014 A Career in Investment Banking 1. Introduction Ever since I was a child my father stressed the importance of education. He urged me to focus on anything that interests me, encouraging me to keep a distance from the job he considered unfit but necessary. My father viewed our liquor store business as a disgrace to both our culture and religion. This hatred only pushed him to further attempt to inspire me, to make me change course and not get stuck into the frowned upon line of work. However, to my father’s dismay, I grew obsessed with the idea of choosing items that were in demand and selling them at higher rates, slowly but surely accumulating profit. As my experience at work grew, I†¦show more content†¦Back then people believed that money can be made over night just by investing. According to the Wall Street prep website, everyone used to look up to JP Morgan, the National City Bank, because they were the leaders of the game. JP Morgan was making a great amount of money, so great that he personally saved the coun try during the calamitous panic in 1907. Banks began to use their federal loans in order to push the stock market forward and make more money, and on black Tuesday of October 29 the stock market crashed which was one of the causes of the Great Depression. Furthermore, Wall Street prep also explains that During the Great Depression, the nation’s banking system was in confusion, nobody knew what was going to happen next, with 40% of banks failing. The Glass-Steagall Act was done by the government with hopes of bringing all of the banks back to life by creating a wall between commercial and investment banking. The separation was made between the banks because it was time to the desire to win in investment banking and the duty to help and provide service for people in regular banks. 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The Principles Of Personal Leadership - 1263 Words

Sum Q Assignment 1 The principles of personal leadership emphasize that people who read the article should avoid distractions and analyze the article in its entirety. Absorbing the content will challenge the reader to think critically and respond accordingly to the material. Additionally, readers need to grasp the message within the article, so they will gain a better understanding of the content. Furthermore, I believe the article paints a visual picture on how people will celebrate your life when you pass away. Viewing a funeral of myself where I’m listening and watching everybody responses and reactions respectively, would be interesting to observe. As the attendees congregate on my behalf, for the service, I would like for speakers to indicate that I made a positive impact in their lives and influenced them to achieve whatever endeavors they desire. Leaving a legacy for others to follow will keep my memories alive and allow people to remember the principles and standards t hat I lived by. For example, Malcolm X was a civil rights activist and a prominent figure during the 1950’s and 1960’s articulating concepts of race pride. Malcolm X knew he was a dead man walking, yet, he continued to fight for the people by instilling confidence within Harlem community. Even though Malcolm X has been dead for over 50 years, people will never forget his contributions where he left an indelible mark on society. The impact Malcolm X made on society is immeasurable and his legacy willShow MoreRelatedThe Principles Of Personal Leadership1063 Words   |  5 Pagesknowledgeable a certain amount of leadership skills by gaining these elements through my professional experience. I knew that to be a great leader, one must be confident, communicate effectively and be able to solve problems. 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Should Prostitution Be Legalized - 1663 Words

Decriminalizing prostitution in the United States will be a hazard to the nation. Prostitution has been often called one of the oldest jobs in the world. However, it has been illegal in nearly all societies throughout history. Currently, there have been various countries where prostitution has been legalized by the government, allowing people over eighteen year olds to work as prostitutes legally. Nonetheless, those countries have had several negative effects following the legalization of prostitution. Nevertheless, this series of events have sparked discussion in the United States over whether or not the country should allow prostitution in all fifty states. The ban against sex work had previously consisted massively on moral and religious mandates for several hundred years. However, in modern times, enough research has been conducted in distinct areas of the country and the industry in order to come to a conclusion without morals or religious believes involved. It is critical to re alize that legalizing prostitution cause negative impacts on society due to an increase in crime, financial detriment, and spread of diseases. In order to understand the concept of this debate profoundly, one must examine the areas that would compromise the nation’s safety. Such include an increase in crime related to the sex industry. Assuming that the United States were to legalize prostitution, an increase in crimes related to the sex industry would occur. An increase in human traffickingShow MoreRelatedShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1406 Words   |  6 PagesProstitution is one of the largest controversial issue facing the United States. The definition of prostitution, according to Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary, is the act or practice of engaging in sexual relations especially for the money. Prostitution has been constantly bashed by the media and is currently legal in only one state. In this state, only one county has banned prostitution. Why is it illegal? What is wrong with prostitution that has made it illegal? These are the important questions thatRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1048 Words   |  5 PagesWalker May,15,2015 Should prostitution be legalized? Most of us have heard of prostitution and the controversial opinions of people whether it should be legalized or not. The fact is that prostitution has been practiced for many years regardless of its legality. As defined in the dictionary prostitution is the exchange of sex for money. Out of the 50 states in the U.S., Nevada is the only states were prostitution is legal. On the other hand, in some European countries prostitution is not illegal andRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1111 Words   |  5 PagesProstitution has been around for a very long time. There has been great debates over the last few decades about prostitution law reform. It is accepted by some, denied by others, or just forbidden. Prostitution is that one thing that people do and does not get brought up for discussion after the fact. It is what some people call dirty and distasteful. But prostitution whether legalized or not will continue to happen. I will argue that prostitution should be legalized becaus e it would bring more benefitRead MoreShould Prostitution be Legalized?1658 Words   |  7 PagesProstitution is an issue that has been debated in many countries. 22 countries have legalized prostitution. In the United States, prostitution is only legal in 11 rural counties in Nevada. It used to be legal in Rhode Island due to a loophole, but since 2009, it has been illegal. Women are not the only ones who are prostitutes, about 20 to 30% of prostitutes are male, which means both genders are affected by laws against prostitution. Men and women should be allowed to choose how they want to useRead MoreProstitution Should Be Legalized?1072 Words   |  5 PagesProstitution in America Some consider prostitution to be evil, sin incarnated. They believe that the act of fornication with an unknown and unloved person is unholy and should be punishable. They may believe that those who are prostitutes are not human, but instead creatures that have given into their most primal lust. To give into the carnal temptation of sex, and to resolve it through means that are not considered normal, sentences one to eternal damnation. Or so some believe, and I respect theirRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1725 Words   |  7 PagesProstitution Should Be Legalized Some say prostitution is the world s oldest profession. Yet, only a small percentage of the world’s government allows it. The legalization of prostitution is a very controversial topic due to many people’s moral beliefs. Prostitutes all over the world are treated as outcasts. A reason for people to be against prostitution could be due to their religious beliefs, moral standpoints, or lack of knowledge over the subject. Many religions state that sex outside of marriageRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1188 Words   |  5 PagesShould Prostitution be legalized? Prostitution is defined as the engaging in, or agreeing to engage in, sexual conduct for a fee. Women are pushed into entering prostitution for many reasons including lack of education, poverty, and personal choice. Prostitution is currently illegal, but there is much controversy surrounding this issue. Picture in your mind this scenario: Jane is a 26 year old single woman who makes her living working the streets as a prostitute. She is clean, and is tested regularlyRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1411 Words   |  6 PagesShould prostitution be Legalized? Whether or not prostitution should be legalized is, for some, a morally plagued question. The value society puts on sex can directly affect whether or not legalization will be considered. Even within Europe there is a drift. While France has banned prostitution it is legal in Germany, and has been since 2002. Is France morally outstanding, or is there something more to prostitution then what generally thought? The legalization of prostitution will affect many otherRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1537 Words   |  7 PagesProfessor Petretto English 111 15 Nov. 2016 Should Prostitution be Legalized? Prostitution has been and may always be one of the most controversial topics in the United States. While there are some who argue that prostitution should be legalized, others do not agree with this theory. Some advocates argue that prostitution is a victimless crime and that it should be a decision that one chooses on his or her own. They also believe that the legalization of prostitution will minimize crime, increase tax revenueRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1555 Words   |  7 PagesLegalization of Prostitution Prostitutes are people of multiple backgrounds and of either gender who make the decision to participate in sex acts for profit in a business-like setting. I support the legalization of prostitution because I believe that legalized prostitution will be a benefit of society. Once legalized, prostitution can provide many benefits to the participants of the business. Prostitution can provide a benefit of the economy in most places, and provide safe business practices and

Child Abuse Guardian or the Caregiver of a Child

Question: Discuss about theChild Abusefor Guardian or the Caregiver of a Child. Answer: Introduction Child abuse occurs in instances when the parent, guardian or the caregiver of a child, whether through and form of action or fail to respond, causes harm, injury, death to a child. Child abuse has a broad spectrum in itself that include physical abuse, sexual abuse, exploitation, Child maltreatment and emotional abuse. Child abuse may extend to a scenario where the parent or guardian neglects the care of the child or rather denies the child his or her rights as stipulated in the bill of rights. It is reported o an annual base many children all over the world are subjected to child abuse. To this extent, therefore, the global arena and all the actors in the international system ought to come together and fight this vice. Child abuse is a contemporary issue that is complicated as a result of numerous causes. About child abuse, the world health organization (WHO) and the International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect have established factors the influence occurrence of child abuse scenarios. Child abuse occurs as a result of economic and social factors in the levels of a person, their local area, the community as a whole and the relationships that exist among themselves(Stoltenborgh, van Ijzendoorn, Euser, Bakermans-Kranenburg, 2011). Some of the social factors that lead to child abuse include the family structure, domestic violence, and stressful life events. About the family structure, children who live with single parents have a higher chance of being subjected to child abuse through physical and sexual abuse. Secondly, domestic violence according to research child abuse occurs in 30 to 60 percent of the families where couples abuse each other. Children in these environments may be physically abused, neglected and also witness the behaviors of their parents. On the other hand, stressful life events may play a substantive role in causing child abuse. Some of the life stressful events include loss of jobs, physical illnesses, and marital issues, the death of close relatives or friends. These cases may lead an individual to suffer from depression, hostility, and anxiety. As a result, the problem causes the degree of child abuses and family conflict to escalate. Another social factor that may lead to child abuse is disabilities. There is a high chance of a child with cognitive, physical, and emotional disabilities to be abused in comparison with those without any form of disability. On the other hand, economic factors may cause child abuse. Some economic factors that can lead to abuse include lack of any source of income or low income by parents enough to cater for their family needs. The parents develop discomfort and stress which may lead to child abuse. Another example is a scenario where parents suffer from bankruptcy and cannot pay the debts they owe others.As such, it may create discomfort aggravating the chances of child abuse(Wong, How, Yi Wong, Wong, 2013). In Singapore, measures have been put in place to curb abuse. Some of these measures are accelerated by governments developmental and immunization programs that allow children to be in contact with health professionals. The health authorities track children being denied this form of care and engage the guardians. Addition referrals are conducted on suspicion that a child has been maltreated. Another prevention measure is that the government is offering support in enrollment of toddlers in nursery, child care centers and kindergartens. More so, the authorities ensure that there is almost complete enrollment ion primary one. Social service agents have joined efforts with self-help groups to conduct community outreach to those enrolled. Lastly, the jury strictly convicts child abusers to lengthy jail terms of even 11 years. For instance, in the case against a toddler's mother and partner, Zaida, and her boyfriend were jailed for 11 and ten years respectively. Evidence of the community pa rticipation concerns the Child Protective Service 2022 reports had been notified to the authorities(Petersen, Joseph, Feit, Monica Feit, 2014) There has been evidence against the child abuse measures where the community is reluctant to inform the authorities on cases of child abuse around them. Such a scenario has been a big blow in the quest to punish the child abusers and also save the child from maltreatments. For instance, according to the minister for social and family development, he wonders why bystanders are reluctant to report, why they did nothing or why they did not say something(Wong et al., 2013) To this extent, therefore, the community should be at the forefront to look out among themselves cases of child abuse. The authorities, on the other hand, should be fast to ensure that appropriate measures and programs are implemented to curb the vice. Also, lobby groups, and human rights activists, and the media should provide massive awareness on child abuse so that each every societal member gets to know detailed information on child abuse. References Chan, J. S., Elliott, J. M., Chow, Y., Singapore Children's Society. (2000).Professional and public perceptions of physical child abuse and neglect in Singapore. Singapore: Singapore Children's Society. Petersen, A. C., Joseph, J., Feit, M., Monica Feit. (2014). New Directions in Child Abuse and Neglect Research. Behavioral and Social Sciences | Children, Youth and Families. https://doi.org/10.17226/18331 Rong, S. Y. (2016, July 10). Playing a part in stopping child abuse. Retrieved February 14, 2017, from Asia One News: https://news.asiaone.com/news/singapore/playing-part-stopping-child-abuse Top of Form Singapore. (2003).Protecting families children from abuse. Singapore: Ministry of Community Development and Sports. Stoltenborgh, M., van Ijzendoorn, M. H., Euser, E. M., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2011). A global perspective on child sexual abuse: meta-analysis of prevalence around the world. Child Maltreatment, 16(2), 79101. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559511403920 Tan, T. (2016, April 26). More child abuse cases being investigated. Retrieved February 14, 2017, from SPH Digital News: https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/more-child-abuse-cases-being-investigated Wong, P. Y. P. C. Y., How, C. H., Yi Wong, P. C., Wong, P. Y. P. C. Y. (2013). Management of child abuse. Singapore Medical Journal, 54(10), 533537. https://doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2013196

Walmart Companys Problems

The Abortion Controversy w Works Cited essays

The Abortion Controversy w essays Since the Supreme Court's 1973 Roe v. Wade decision, about one out of three pregnancies end in abortion. This means that 1.5 million abortions are performed in the United States each year (Flanders 3). Not since slavery has an issue posed a greater moral dilemma. It ranks among the most complex and controversial issues, arousing heated legal, political, and ethical debates. The modern debate over abortion is a conflict of competing moral ideas and of fundamental human rights: to life, to privacy, to control one's own body. Trying to come to some sort of a compromise has proven that you cannot please all of the people on each side of the debate. Many people describe the abortion debate in America as bitter and uncompromising, usually represented on both sides by people with an intense devotion to their cause and usually with irreconcilable positions. Many of those who are pro-choice insist that a woman's right to abortion should never be restricted while those who are pro-life maintain that a fetus has an unequivocal right to life that is violated at any stage of its development if abortion is performed. Discussions between both sides are usually argumentative, and sometimes violent, so any attempt at coming to a mutual agreement is drowned out. How can anyone hear if they refuse to acknowledge the other side except to shout at them? Since the Roe v. Wade decision legalized abortion, proposed compromises on limiting or allowing abortion have taken two forms: those based on the reasons for abortion and those base on fetal development at different stages of pregnancy. The first compromise would allow abortion for "hard" cases (rape, incest, or risk of the life or health of the pregnant woman), but not for the "soft" cases (financial hardship, inconvenience, possible birth defects, or failure of birth control). Compromises of the second type would allow abortions, but only until a given stage of pregnancy,...

PUBLIC ADMIN police foundations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

PUBLIC ADMIN police foundations - Essay Example The very fact that Canada is one of the most competitive societies compared to that of the dominating countries, along time the US has proved its ability to spread its dominion in almost any form of government. No matter how hard Canada shall deny the fact that they will outlive the power of America, they will not be able to do so, without learning the American verity. Further, the US is globally recognized to be the biggest fish in the ocean of commerce that those who intend to fish for a greater catch will need to go along with the flow of the ocean. Hence, it is evident that Canada is thriving hard to sustain its social ego to combat in the realm of trade and commerce against America. Statistical repots have shown that there exist an immense issue with regard to the status of the US-Europe, being the next big star in the limelight-and that Canada is looking for means to beat the mark which has long boggled their economical egos. However, Canadians become unaware that the more they try to fit in the world of lights and glory, they are already becoming Americans in that certain field. The maple is blooming with fine fruits but its roots are being blown by the hurricanes of Americanization-little do we know, the trunk could no longer hold its origin and the bigger tree will overrate Canada's empire. Which level of law enforcement is most effective Unexpected circumstances come in the most unanticipated manner in any form of state. Due to the immense rise of globalization, competition and the never-ending debate on worldwide dominion, terrorism has prudently become the top rated problems in any country. However, in the age of the 21st Century, several critics and environmentalists struck the humankind with the shocking discovery on the condition of the earth's ozone layer. Global warming, the most controversial environmental dilemma has now been marked as a truth in the society's lists of dreadfulchaos. With this, the Canadians-like all the other members of the United Nations are building a campaign in saving the environment for the sake of the future's generation. As a matter of fact, the pressure has been given to every resident in the country wherein the levelof enforcing the laws, which adheres to the campaign, has brought several individuals to a sudden dismay. Not only that, long term plans for development in infrastructures and other sort of governmental plans also shifted in an enormous diversion of financial allocations. It may then be argued that the enforcement on environmental awareness has moved even the large companies in the area of jurisdiction and the famous political icons (Parson). In a logical point of the argument, it shows that the law has been treated in flying colors-a very rare scenario in the context of liberalism. Moreover, the fact that the policies in environmental control have already started a milestone with explicit results in success, collaboration is considerably at its peak. Health along with resources is undeniably the most well

New position of women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

New position of women - Essay Example It was quite a pity on the women owing to this take. As researches indicate, the women can now sigh in relief because of reversed opinions that are cropping up. In fact, many who formerly had a dissimilar opinion about women and jobs that they undertake somehow embrace them. Their conception about men as Hanna Rosin observed was depicting them as individuals who are prompt and with strength to manage inadequate resources with a sole reason of boosting the economy. On the contrary, women were seen as those that are programmed to care for their families or simply to say, they were bound to domesticity. The former is in the process to be put at bay and be done away with for even those who believed that male dominance existed believe yet again that their supremacy is by now gone. A new look which is fast rising since 1970 is all about the new position of women in the society at large in this contemporary society. The changing human history is at a very high speed as research indicates. T he speed at which the shift is taking place is rather shocking with a clear view on the strengths of the rising woman so to speak. The effect is not only experienced in a single part of the world but also in entirely all parts of the globe. As Hanna Rosin, the author has identified through her thorough research, in Korea, for instance male preference no longer exists. Moreover, the same is manifested in China and India that are regarded as countries that are rapidly industrializing. Now looking upon men, women and education with an intention of comparing and contrasting their levels of advancement, women will still take a great lead, something that defines their new position in society. The author’s research has identified the truth behind this, and how female students dominate professional schools as well as colleges, where they compete with the male students thereby outweighing them in terms of degrees that they hold after their studies. As a matter of fact, she has made it plain that the ratio of male to female who receive their Bachelor of Arts (BA) in their places of study is two to three. To this I second and agree with. Therefore, it is now evident that male individuals are lagging behind the female ones in school. In addition, their positions in class work also show how bright they are over the male students. As the recent research indicates, there are many faculties that men and women pursue of which women dominate most of them with an exception of those involved with engineering and computer science. Even for that, women are still at the fore front as men lag behind at a considerable distance. Another issue that exposes men as individuals who drag behind the success of women is work. In the recent past as earlier indicated, women were not considered as those who could stand to be bosses in any company. Today, it is not uncommon to see them manage companies entitled big positions in well paying jobs. I concur with Hanna Rosin upon the mention o f fifteen job categories that are available to date with the women taking the lead in them all apart from just two. The two she mentions as those related to engineering and computer science as had been revealed earlier. The rest are primarily occupied by the female

Associates vs Bachelor Degree in Nursing Essay Example for Free

Associates vs Bachelor Degree in Nursing Essay Bachelor degree nursing programs are highly regarded for the skilled, clinical thinking, and professionalism of nurses they provide for the community. Obtaining a baccalaureate in nursing provides the same skills and knowledge encompassed in most associate’s programs, while allowing a broadened look into research, public health, management, and humanities (AACN IENP, 2012). Many facilities are now providing incentives for nursing staff to continue their education; from tuition reimbursement, an increase in pay, and played time off for the sole purpose of education. Research has proven that with a more educated nursing populous there is a decrease in morality rates and medication errors, and it also provides more positive outcomes (AACN Fact Sheet, 2012). With such a high demand for nurses, the scope of nursing has become more comprehensive with a larger responsibility being placed on nurses. All of this has shown not only to the medical field but also policymakers and other leaders of the community that a higher level of education not only makes a difference, but many feel it should be a requirement. The difference between a baccalaureate and associates degree program may seem obscure at first, but looking into the information and research that students learn in a four year program verses a three year program can be shocking. When looking into the core requisites needed to graduate with a bachelors verses an associates, some obvious differences are the higher levels of English, math, communication, and pathophysiology required to graduate with a BSN. Also, the higher level course work required to complete a bachelors shows the necessity of critical thinking and research a nurse needs to even graduate. Once past the prerequisites required for a bachelor’s in nursing we have to exam the nursing course work itself. As stated before, most of the associates program is incorporated in a bachelors degree; with an associates the clinical experience is more limited to the clinical setting hospitals, nursing skilled facilities, and rehab centers, where as many bachelors programs also included public and community projects. Bachelors programs also put a broader focus on ethics, religion and spirituality, research, global awareness and public health, as well as nursing leadership and management (GCU, n. d. ). Nursing care is focused on the assessment, nursing diagnoses, planning, implementation, and evaluation of patients. This nursing process can also be implemented in aspects outside of nursing and on the nursing field as a collective group. The nursing role is evolving, following the process the outcomes have to be evaluated and put into perspective. Research is being completed the conclusions are all the same, the higher education of nursing care the better the patient outcomes. In an article published in Health Services Research in August 2008 that examined the effect of nursing practice environments on outcomes of hospitalized cancer patients undergoing surgery, Dr. Christopher Friese and colleagues found that nursing education level was significantly associated with patient outcomes. Nurses prepared at the baccalaureate-level were linked with lower mortality and failure-to-rescue rates. The authors conclude that â€Å"moving to a nurse workforce in which a higher proportion of staff nurses have at least a baccalaureate-level education would result in substantially fewer adverse outcomes for patients. † (AACN Fact Sheet, 2012) A Jewish patient is awaiting discharge after receiving an open heart procedure. The difference a bachelor’s educated nurse and an associate degree nurse may have on the patient can be profound in this scenario. A bachelors nurse will have a better understanding of the pathophysiology of this patient’s condition, instead of providing instruction on just the patient after care of the procedure the higher level education will allow the nurse to incorporate teaching of the patient’s condition that brought along the cause of the procedure, the nurse will be provide a broader education base to help the patient better understand the treatment and the conditions that they may face. The bachelors nurse will be able to better identify environmental factors, diet and exercise factors, and other stresses that could be changed to promote health wellness for the patient. The bachelors nurse will be more aware of community based health assistance and programs that will help the patient make more positive health changes. The bachelors nurse will be more aware of the patient’s religious requirements and needs, this may help the patient in making better overall health and wellness decisions. Also, BSN nurses have a more in-depth education in regards to ethics and religion, this may provide a more trusting bond between the nurse and patients allowing the patient to see that the nurse is there for providing care not only in his treatment but all aspects of the patient’s wellbeing. The history of nursing provides a great foundation and view on how nursing came into existence and how nursing has always strived for higher education. Before World War II great strides were made for university nursing programs, with the onset of war and the need for nurses, diploma and associates nursing found its place (Creasia and Friberg, 2011). Many feel that the nursing shortage is the reason that diploma and associates nurses programs still exist. Though, with the growing population that has increasing comorbidities it is more important than ever for nurses to have higher education. References American Association of Colleges of Nursing. 2012. Fact Sheet: Creating a More Highly Qualified Nursing Workforce. Retrieved from http://www. aacn. nche. edu/media-relations/NursingWorkforce. pdf American Association of Colleges of Nursing. 2012. The Impact of Education on Nursing Practice. Retrieved from http://www. aacn. nche. edu/media-relations/fact-sheets/impact-of-education Creasia and Friberg. (2011). Conceptual foundations: The bridge to professional nursing practice. (5th ed. ) St. Louis, Missourit: Mosby Inc. Retrieved from http://pageburstls. elsevier. com/#/books/978-0-323-06869-7/pages/47247567 Grand Canyon University. (n. d. ). Registered Nurse to Bachelor of Science in Nursing (RN to BSN). Retrieved from http://www. gcu. edu/degree-programs/registered-nurse-to-bachelor-of-science-in-nursing.

Prescription Obesity Drugs Essay -- Pharmaceuticals

1. Has FDA provided ‘sufficient guidance’ to guide development and registration of prescription diet medications? If you agree, provide examples of what you consider ‘sufficient advice’ (including date of publication). I believe the FDA does provide sufficient guidance on the development and registration of prescription diet medications. In 2007, FDA issued draft guidance that clearly defines their expectations to judge effectiveness (weight reduction and maintenance of weight loss after 1 year’s treatment). It also indicates an effective product should provide improvements in blood pressure, lipids, and glycaemia therefore changes in common weight-related comorbidities need factored into clinical trial to assess efficacy. FDA also states it expects to see drug-mediated weight reduction demonstrated to result from a loss of body fat verified through advance screening tools. From a safety perspective, the FDA states the drug should not adversely affect cardiovascular function particularly highlighting cardiac valvulopathy. 2. Has FDA’s grounds for rejecting the NDAs of prescription diet pills in the last 10 years been based on safety/efficacy concerns? In 2010 alone, three drugs reviewed by the Endocrinologic and Metabolic Drugs Advisory Committee (EMDAC) have failed to gain approval. EMDAC felt each drug (naltrexone/bupriopion, lorcaserin and phentermine/topiratate) had unacceptable safety issues (particularly cardiovascular risk profiles). The committee also concluded that lorcaserin did not provide enough convincing evidence of efficacy and safety to gain approval. EMDAC cite lack of diversity in the phase 3 trial population might result in efficacy of the drug being overstated while potential safety risks understated. Whi... ... FDA. (2010). FDA Briefing Document: NDA 22529 Lorqess (lorcaserin hydrochloride) Tablets, 10 mg. Sponsor: Arena Pharmaceuticals Advisory Committee. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/downloads/advisorycommittees/committeesmeetingmaterials/drugs/endocrinlogicalandmetabolicdrugsadvisorycommittee/ucm225631.pdf FDA. (2007). Guidance for Industry. Developing Products for Weight Management. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/ucm071612.pdf FDA. (2011).Predictive Safety Testing Consortium (PSTC). Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/PartnershipsCollaborations/PublicPrivatePartnershipProgram/ucm231132.html McCallister, E. (2011). BioCentury, Obesity Reset. Retrieved from http://www.biocentury.com/promotions/obesity/next-generation-of-obesity-drugs-unlikely-to-reach-regulators-before-2014.html Prescription Obesity Drugs Essay -- Pharmaceuticals 1. Has FDA provided ‘sufficient guidance’ to guide development and registration of prescription diet medications? If you agree, provide examples of what you consider ‘sufficient advice’ (including date of publication). I believe the FDA does provide sufficient guidance on the development and registration of prescription diet medications. In 2007, FDA issued draft guidance that clearly defines their expectations to judge effectiveness (weight reduction and maintenance of weight loss after 1 year’s treatment). It also indicates an effective product should provide improvements in blood pressure, lipids, and glycaemia therefore changes in common weight-related comorbidities need factored into clinical trial to assess efficacy. FDA also states it expects to see drug-mediated weight reduction demonstrated to result from a loss of body fat verified through advance screening tools. From a safety perspective, the FDA states the drug should not adversely affect cardiovascular function particularly highlighting cardiac valvulopathy. 2. Has FDA’s grounds for rejecting the NDAs of prescription diet pills in the last 10 years been based on safety/efficacy concerns? In 2010 alone, three drugs reviewed by the Endocrinologic and Metabolic Drugs Advisory Committee (EMDAC) have failed to gain approval. EMDAC felt each drug (naltrexone/bupriopion, lorcaserin and phentermine/topiratate) had unacceptable safety issues (particularly cardiovascular risk profiles). The committee also concluded that lorcaserin did not provide enough convincing evidence of efficacy and safety to gain approval. EMDAC cite lack of diversity in the phase 3 trial population might result in efficacy of the drug being overstated while potential safety risks understated. Whi... ... FDA. (2010). FDA Briefing Document: NDA 22529 Lorqess (lorcaserin hydrochloride) Tablets, 10 mg. Sponsor: Arena Pharmaceuticals Advisory Committee. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/downloads/advisorycommittees/committeesmeetingmaterials/drugs/endocrinlogicalandmetabolicdrugsadvisorycommittee/ucm225631.pdf FDA. (2007). Guidance for Industry. Developing Products for Weight Management. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/ucm071612.pdf FDA. (2011).Predictive Safety Testing Consortium (PSTC). Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/PartnershipsCollaborations/PublicPrivatePartnershipProgram/ucm231132.html McCallister, E. (2011). BioCentury, Obesity Reset. Retrieved from http://www.biocentury.com/promotions/obesity/next-generation-of-obesity-drugs-unlikely-to-reach-regulators-before-2014.html

Importance of Leadership

Chapter 1 The Importance of Leadership D. Quinn Mills Leadership How to Lead, How to Live  © 2005 D. Quinn Mills. All Rights Reserved. Leadership: How to Lead, How to Live Few things are more important to human activity than leadership. Effective leadership helps our nation through times of peril. It makes a business organization successful. It enables a not-for-profit organization to fulfill its mission. The effective leadership of parents enables children to grow strong and healthy and become productive adults. The absence of leadership is equally dramatic in its effects. Without leadership, organizations move too slowly, stagnate, and lose their way. Much of the literature about organizations stresses decision-making and implies that if decision-making is timely, complete, and correct, then things will go well. Yet a decision by itself changes nothing. After a decision is made, an organization faces the problem of implementation—how to get things done in a timely and effective way. Problems of implementation are really issues about how leaders influence behavior, change the course of events, and overcome resistance. Leadership is crucial in implementing decisions successfully. Each of us recognizes the importance of leadership when we vote for our political leaders. We realize that it matters who is in office, so we participate in a contest, an election, to choose the best candidate. Investors recognize the importance of business leadership when they say that a good leader can make a success of a weak business plan, but that a poor leader can ruin even the best plan. 10 The Importance of Leadership Who Will Gain from Leadership? Do you want to be a leader? Or, if you’re already a leader, do you want to improve your leadership? Do you want to affect what other people do—to help them accomplish important goals? Do you want to point the way in your organization? Do you want to climb the promotion ladder to positions of higher authority and greater pay? Leadership will make these things possible. You should read this book if: †¢ †¢ You are interested in leadership and how it affects you. You plan to lead an organization or are already in a leadership position. You are interested in developing yourself to meet the challenges you will confront in a leadership role. You wish to make a difference in the world through leadership. †¢ †¢ The Meaning of Leadership What is leadership? It is a process by which one person influences the thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors of others. Leaders set a direction for the rest of us; they help us see what lies ahead; they help us visualize what we might achieve; they encourage us and inspire us. Without leadership a group of human beings quickly degenerates into argument and conflict, because we see things in different ways and lean toward different solutions. Leadership helps to point us in the same direction and harness our efforts jointly. Leadership is the 11 Leadership: How to Lead, How to Live bility to get other people to do something significant that they might not otherwise do. It’s energizing people toward a goal. Without followers, however, a leader isn’t a leader, although followers may only come after a long wait. For example, during the 1930s Winston Churchill urged his fellow Englishmen to face the coming threat from Hitler’s Germany. But most Englishmen preferred to believe that Hitler could be appeased—so that a war could be avoided. They were engaged in wishful thinking about the future and denial that the future would be dangerous. They resented Churchill for nsisting that they must face the danger. They rejected his leadership. He had very few followers. But finally reality intruded—Germany went too far and war began. At this point Churchill was acclaimed for his foresight, and became prime minister of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. During this period almost all Englishmen accepted his leadership willingly. True leadership is sometimes hard to distinguish from false leadership, which is merely a form of pretending. Winston Churchill was a real and great leader. But there are also people who wish to appear to be leaders, but aren’t actually. They say that they are leading others; they posture as if they are setting direction and inspiring others. Yet often they are merely pretending. There’s an old saying that the way to become a leader is to find a parade and run to the front of it. We refer to a person â€Å"leading† a parade, but walking at the front isn’t really leadership unless the person in front is actually choosing the direction! If the person isn’t choosing the direction, then being at the front of the line is merely a way to pretend to be a leader. 12 The Importance of Leadership Leadership can be used for good or ill. Hitler seemed to be a leader of the German people, but he set an evil direction. He had great leadership skills, but put them to terrible uses. Sometimes people in business use leadership skills to exploit others. Sometimes people in charitable organizations use leadership skills to benefit themselves rather than the people they are supposed to help. Leadership skills can be perverted to pursue bad ends. The Importance of Ethics The danger that leadership will be perverted is why ethics are so important to good leadership. Ethics are the inner compass that directs a person toward what is right and fair. Only if a person has an inner ethical compass can he or she be sure that leadership qualities will not turn to evil ends. Learning to lead with good objectives is the only purpose of this book. So let us say that those who do harm are not leaders at all; we recognize that they may be influential and persuasive, but we will not think of them as leaders. With confidence that you, good readers of this book, will put leadership to noble ends, we go forward. The Work of the Leader Taking a leadership position means several things: A leader must have a vision of the future for the organization and its members. 3 Leadership: How to Lead, How to Live EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1-1 TAKING A LEADERSHIP POSITION Taking a leadership position means: †¢ †¢ Having a vision about what can be accomplished. Making a commitment to the mission and to the people you lead. Taking responsibility for the accomplishment of the mission and the welfare of those you lead. Assuming risk of loss and failure. Acc epting recognition for success. †¢ †¢ †¢ A leader must be able to express his or her vision clearly and in a compelling manner so that others are engaged by it. (See Executive Summary 1-1. A leader has to make a commitment to his or her vision, to the organization, and to the members of the organization. A leader can’t be committed one day and uninterested the next. People will judge a leader by his or her commitment, and will commit themselves no more than the leader does. A leader assumes a considerable amount of responsibility— not just for the mission that he or she urges others to accept, nor just for the organization he or she heads, but for his or her followers, their lives and efforts, as well. 14 The Importance of Leadership A leader assumes risk. If there is no risk, little leadership is required. If the effort is easy and certain to succeed, anyone can, and probably will, â€Å"lead† it. But where the effort entails a risk of failure, then many people will quail before the challenge and leadership is necessary to get people to make the commitment and the effort to succeed. In most organizations, one associates high levels of leadership with high levels of authority. The chief executive of a company usually plays more of a leadership role than people at lower levels of the hierarchy in the firm. It is the same in notfor-profits and government agencies. The higher on the job ladder a person is, the more she is expected to exhibit leadership. In the military, however, the opposite holds true, and for a very good reason. In the military the greatest leadership challenge is to get other people to risk their lives in combat. Generally, the higher one goes in the chain of command, the less exposure he has to the battlefield, and the less exposure to men and women who are in combat. The officers who have responsibility for commanding soldiers in combat have the greatest leadership challenge, for they must get others to risk their lives. Michael Jordan’s brother is an army sergeant major leading a deployment in Iraq in which he is responsible for more than 2,000 soldiers. Offered an opportunity to leave his assignment in combat, he chose to stay with his unit in harm’s way. In so doing, he accepted one of the military’s most significant leadership challenges. 15 Leadership: How to Lead, How to Live The first responsibility in a position of leadership is to have a vision. (See Executive Summary 1-2. ) The visionary leader must create his or her concept of what the organization can accomplish. A business leader may be leading a few people in a department or an entire company; a military leader a small squad or an entire army. The vision may be smaller when the group of people is small; and much broader when the group of people is large, but it must be forward-looking and exciting in either case. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1-2 VISIONARY LEADERSHIP Visionary leadership requires: †¢ †¢ Creating a vision, a mission, and a strategy. Communicating the vision/mission/strategy and getting buy-in. Motivating action. Helping an organization grow, evolve, and adapt to changing circumstances. †¢ †¢ The leader must also provide a mission—what needs to be done—and a strategy, a path, for how to accomplish the mission and achieve the vision, a way for the group to get there. But having an exciting vision, an exciting mission, and a careful strategy is not sufficient. A leader must clearly communicate them. Only if people grasp the vision can they commit to it, and buy-in is crucial to motivating action. Finally, a vision cannot be rigid and unchanging; it must adapt 16 The Importance of Leadership to changing circumstances, growing and evolving. Otherwise it becomes outdated and obsolete, and loses its power to excite and motivate people. Leaders versus Administrators and Managers Leadership is not the same thing as being in a position of authority. It is possible to be a boss in a company without being a leader. A boss can be more of an administrator than a leader. Conversely, an administrator can be effective in his job without being a leader. The administrator is a bureaucrat— whether in government or in business—a person who keeps careful records and sees that things are done according to the rules. On the other hand, a leader can be effective without being an administrator—leaving rules, regulations, and their enforcement to others. Administration is not as exciting a topic as leadership, but it is almost as important. The success of organizations depends to a great degree on how well they are administered. A manager is often thought to be primarily an administrator. But a manager is not an administrator; management requires a special set of skills of its own. And being a manager is different from being a leader, as we shall see below. So there are three roles: administrator, manager, and leader. A manager has the broadest role, and a good manager has much of an administrator and a leader in him or her. A manager needs to set direction and inspire others to get work done (leadership functions) and he or she needs to keep records and see that rules are followed (administrative functions). 17 Leadership: How to Lead, How to Live The manager is a necessary combination of leader and administrator. (See D. Quinn Mills, Principles of Management, Waltham, MA: MindEdge Press, 2005. ) But leadership is the most important of the three roles. Administrators What does an administrator do? (See Executive Summary 13. ) An administrator applies rules and regulations generally developed by top executives of an organization. In the government, the key rules and regulations are often issued by legislative authorities like the U. S. Congress). He or she keeps records and fills out forms necessary to take administrative steps (like getting employees paid or reimbursing an employee for travel expenses). EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1-3 ELEMENTS OF ADMINISTRATION The elements of administration are: †¢ †¢ Making rules and regulations Making decisions that apply and interpret rules and regulations Keeping records Filling out forms †¢ †¢ 18 The Importance of Leadership Managers What does a manager do? See Executive Summary 1-4. ) He or she makes plans and creates budgets that set forth in great detail how something will be accomplished and how much money and other resources (e. g. , people, office space) are necessary to accomplish those plans and budgets. He decides who is going to be assigned to the necessary tasks and how they will fit into the organization. She supervises the actions people take, ensuring that they are doing the right things, that no money is being misappropriated or wasted (we call this â€Å"controlling†), and when problems arise she helps to resolve them. Finally, by combining these tasks into a coherent whole, the manager makes the organization operate efficiently. Running an organization effectively requires administration, management, and leadership. Leadership is ordinarily in shorter supply than administrative or managerial competence. Leadership is more important and more demanding for most people. Fewer people are able or willing to be leaders, so it tends to be a higher calling than administration or management. There is a large literature discussing the differences between leaders and managers. There is also an important distinction to make between leaders and administrators. In general, a leader takes a broader view and points an organization toward necessary, even critical, change. The core of the criticism in the literature is that organizations of all sorts (corporations, government agencies, and not-for-profit organizations) tend to be over-managed (and/or over-administrated) and under-led. Because of over-management and overadministration, organizations are slow to make necessary changes and achieve less than what they could. This is a substantial criticism that points to the importance of leadership. 19 Leadership: How to Lead, How to Live EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1-4 ELEMENTS OF MANAGEMENT The elements of management are: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Planning and budgeting Setting direction Organizing and staffing Aligning the efforts of many people Controlling Decision-making and problem solving Motivating and inspiring people The Nature of Leadership True leadership is special, subtle, and complex. Too often we confuse things like personal style and a position of authority with leadership. †¢ Leadership is not primarily a particular personality trait. A trait closely linked to leadership is charisma, but many people who have charisma (for example, movie actors and sports figures) are not leaders. Leadership is not primarily a set of important objectives. It involves getting things done. †¢ 20 The Importance of Leadership †¢ Leadership is not primarily a formal position. There have been great leaders who did not hold high positions—for example, Martin Luther King, Jr. and Jeanne d’Arc—and there are people who hold high positions who are not leaders at all, but administrators who don’t want to rock the boat. Leadership is not primarily a set of behaviors. Many leadership manuals suggest that what defines leadership is things such as delegating and providing inspiration and vision; but people who are not leaders can do these things, and some effective leaders don’t do them all. †¢ Many discussions of leadership confuse any and all of the above— personality, important objectives, formal position, specific behaviors—with leadership. (See John P. Kotter, What Leaders Really Do, Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1999. ) But leadership is more than any of the above characteristics. It’s a process by which one influences the thoughts and behaviors of others in a substantial way. It may involve charisma, important objectives, a formal position, and a particular set of behaviors, but it is not limited to any of them. Effective leaders are often very complex people. Writing about Oliver Cromwell, the Lord Protector of England during the English civil wars of the seventeenth century, a foremost historian marveled at the complexity of his personality. â€Å"There was no single Cromwell, â€Å" he wrote, â€Å"—that is, a clear-cut individual†¦Instead, there was a multiplicity of Cromwells, each linked to the other by his enormous vitality†¦Firstly, there was the very human, simple and compassionate man, a visionary and a romantic. Secondly, there was a violent, boisterous and irascible bully. Thirdly, there was the resolute and iron-willed general†¦Fourthly, the calculating politician, the man of expedients who had no guiding principles. 21 Leadership: How to Lead, How to Live And lastly, there was†¦the Cromwell†¦who, as the interpreter of God’s will, was capable of committing any atrocity. † (J. F. C. Fuller, A Military History of the Western World, Volume 2, New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1955, p. 110. Because leaders can be so complex, we must be careful in our generalizations about leaders and their personalities. But not all leaders are such complex personalities, which is good for most of us who aspire to leadership. Examples of Leadership Leadership in Business In the 1980s Harley-Davidson was almost knocked out of business by competition from other firms. To survive, it needed to change dramatically. Rich Teerlink, the company’s leader, was able to save the firm financial ly, but with the pressure off, the challenge of continuing to improve seemed even more daunting. Could Teerlink get his managers and employees to make the significant, and to many of them inconvenient, changes necessary? He did it by building a different company, one driven from the bottom up by employees rather than from the top down by managers. It’s a story of successes and failures, advances and setbacks, dead ends and breakthroughs, ending in a much stronger company than before. (Read the inspiring story in Rich Teerlink and Lee Ozley, More Than a Motorcycle: The Leadership Journey at Harley-Davidson, Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2000. 22 The Importance of Leadership Leadership in Government When Charles O. Rossotti became commissioner of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in 1997, the agency had the largest customer base—and the lowest approval rating—of any institution in America. Mired in scandal, caught in a political maelstrom, and beset by profound management and technology problems, the IRS was widely dismissed as a hopelessly flawed an d dysfunctional organization. Rossotti— the first businessperson to head the IRS—transformed the much-maligned agency. In the glare of intense public scrutiny, he effected dramatic changes in the way the IRS did business—while the agency continued to collect $2 trillion in revenue. Through heated congressional hearings, encounters with Washington bigwigs, frank exchanges with taxpayers and employees, and risky turnaround strategies, Rossotti demonstrated leadership against daunting odds. (Read this enlightening story in Charles O. Rossotti, Many Unhappy Returns: One Man's Quest to Turn Around the Most Unpopular Organization in America, Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2005. ) 23

Oil And Natural Gas A Source Of Strategic Power - 956 Words

Oil and Democracy in Middle East Fossil energy (i.e. coal, oil and natural gas) is generally considered as a main force that drives innovation of new technology and highly developed economy around the world from industrial revolution. It is also the â€Å"lifeblood† of the global economy and takes up 80% of world’s net primary energy supply. However, due to the huge exposure of oil reserves in Persian Gulf after World War I, geopolitical struggles and potential conflicts surrounding fossil energy resources of the Middle East gradually emerge. Michael Klare, the author of Blood and Oil, ever makes an argument in his book that exemplifies the unexpected interaction between geopolitics and geoeconomics in current global economy (â€Å"Review of†¦show more content†¦In order to competing in wars, many western countries gradually expressed huge demand of oil for military use, especially those who were lack of oil. From then on, some leading countries like U.S. and Britain started to import large volumes of oil from the Middle East. To some extent, those countries regarded the Middle East as their â€Å"gas station† and they finally want to control oil wealth according to fast developed oil-based economy. At the end of WWII, President Roosevelt representing U.S. first built relationship with Saudi Arabia. â€Å"The United States will provide military protection for Saudi Arabia in exchange for privileged American access to Saudi Arabia’s vast oil reserves† (â€Å"Blood and oil,† 2008). In a way, Saudi Arabia became an ally of the U.S. The build of relationship between U.S. and Saudi Arabia actually demonstrates how U.S. foreign policy and energy policy essentially intertwined. Furthermore, U.S. also interfered in regimes change in certain Middle Eastern countries like Iraq and Iran, which aroused social controversies that claim the U.S. has destroyed national democracy in Middle Eastern countries. In 1953, U.S. over threw Mossadegh’s government in Iran since he nationalized oil fields which restricted benefits U.S. might get from Iran. As for U.S., they regarded this overthrow as an essential step to get control of oil wealth. Thus, they came up with a solution and sent the â€Å"Shah† to build a new regime which was expected to be a staunch ally